國家戰(zhàn)略部署、港口資源整合、市場發(fā)展波動、貿(mào)易摩擦不斷……目前，沿海港口正處在復雜的外部性環(huán)境之中作為國際集裝箱干線樞紐港的鹽田港，也在新一波的浪潮中接受洗禮 從小漁村向國際都市的轉(zhuǎn)變，深圳這座城市留下了不少傳奇

National strategic deployment, port resource integration, market development fluctuations, trade frictions continue... At present, coastal ports are in a complex external environment. As an international container trunk hub port, Yantian port is also baptized in a new wave of waves. The transformation from a small fishing village to an international city has left a lot of legends in Shenzhen

而鹽田港，從小漁村向世界級港口的華麗蛻變，就是其中濃墨重彩的一筆如今，鹽田港在全球港口格局中已舉足輕重，但一股新的浪潮正在迎面而來 當前，既有“一帶一路”倡議、粵港澳大灣區(qū)建設等政策機遇，又面臨著港航市場競爭激烈、中美貿(mào)易摩擦等不確定因素的挑戰(zhàn)

同時，廣東省港口資源整合已提上議事日程，鹽田港如何站位又該如何在機遇與挑戰(zhàn)中繼續(xù)逐夢深藍 近日，深圳市鹽田港集團有限公司（以下簡稱鹽田港集團）時任董事長童亞明就上述話題接受了《中國航務周刊》記者的專訪

At the same time, the integration of port resources in Guangdong Province has been put on the agenda. How to stand in Yantian port and how to continue to pursue dreams in the face of opportunities and challenges. Recently, Tong Yaming, then chairman of Shenzhen Yantian Port Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Yantian Port Group), accepted an exclusive interview with the reporter of China Aviation weekly on the above topic

《中國航務周刊》：2017年，深圳市鹽田港股份有限公司（以下簡稱鹽田港股份）實現(xiàn)凈利潤高于營業(yè)收入的業(yè)績，鹽田港集團作為母公司，又取得了怎樣的成績呢 童亞明：鹽田港集團持有上市公司鹽田港股份67.37%，鹽田港股份參股經(jīng)營鹽田國際（一、二期）碼頭和西港區(qū)碼頭公司等港口業(yè)務，因鹽田港股份凈利潤大部分來自上述港口的投資收益，所以2017年鹽田港股份的凈利潤是高于營業(yè)收入的

China Shipping weekly: in 2017, Shenzhen Yantian Port Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Yantian Port Co., Ltd.) achieved a performance of net profit higher than operating income. What achievements has Yantian Port Group made as the parent company? Tong Yaming: Yantian Port Group holds 67.37% of the shares of the listed company Yantian port, and Yantian Port shares participate in the operation of Yantian International (phase I and phase II) wharf and West Port Terminal Company and other port businesses, Since most of the net profit of Yantian Port shares came from the investment income of the above ports, the net profit of Yantian Port shares in 2017 was higher than the operating income

鹽田港區(qū)由鹽田港集團、鹽田港股份、和記黃埔共同參與經(jīng)營鹽田港集團去年實現(xiàn)了營業(yè)收入13.98億元，凈利潤11.50億元的驕人成績這很大一方面得益于，去年是集團的“提質(zhì)增效”年，倉儲、地產(chǎn)等業(yè)務經(jīng)營效益得到進一步提高，并且其他各項投資也都取得了較好的成績

Yantian port area is jointly operated by Yantian Port Group, Yantian Port shares and Hutchison Whampoa. Last year, Yantian Port Group achieved an operating revenue of 1.398 billion yuan and a net profit of 1.15 billion yuan. This is largely due to the "quality improvement and efficiency increase" of the group last year, the operating efficiency of warehousing, real estate and other businesses has been further improved, and other investments have also achieved good results

《中國航務周刊》：您剛才提到，鹽田港集團去年的業(yè)績主要是得益于土地開發(fā)與投資方面有業(yè)界人士認為鹽田港集團沒有實際的港口經(jīng)營管理能力，那么事實是怎樣的 童亞明：過去，很多人都認為鹽田港集團只是港口土地的一級開發(fā)和綜合配套服務商

China Shipping weekly: you just mentioned that the performance of Yantian Port Group last year was mainly due to land development and investment. Some people in the industry think that Yantian Port Group has no actual port operation and management ability. What is the fact? Tong Yaming: in the past, many people thought that Yantian Port Group was only a primary development and comprehensive supporting service provider of port land

事實上，近年來，集團經(jīng)營方式和盈利模式已經(jīng)向投資和運營并舉轉(zhuǎn)變我們是完全有港口經(jīng)營管理能力的 鹽田港集團已擁有自主開發(fā)建立的深汕特別合作區(qū)小漠國際物流港、湖北黃石新港、惠州荃灣煤炭港等三座控股經(jīng)營港口，目前正在積極努力拓展新的區(qū)域港口業(yè)務

In fact, in recent years, the group's business mode and profit model have changed to both investment and operation. We are fully capable of port operation and management. Yantian Port Group has three holding ports independently developed and established, including Xiaomo International Logistics Port in Shenzhen Shantou Special Cooperation Zone, Hubei Huangshi new port and Huizhou Tsuen Wan coal port. At present, it is actively trying to expand new regional port business

以集團控股的長江港口湖北黃石新港為例，僅用了三年時間就克服了拆遷、阻工、建設運營交叉、汛期等重重困難現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)初步形成了集散貨、件雜、集裝箱、危險品、多式聯(lián)運業(yè)務功能于一體的現(xiàn)代化綜合港區(qū)，其業(yè)務的復雜性和運營的難度都遠大于鹽田港

Taking Hubei Huangshi new port, the Yangtze River port controlled by the group, as an example, it took only three years to overcome many difficulties, such as demolition, obstruction of work, cross construction and operation, flood season and so on. Now it has initially formed a modern comprehensive port area integrating bulk cargo, miscellaneous cargo, containers, dangerous goods, and multimodal transport business functions. Its business complexity and operation difficulty are far greater than that of Yantian port

2017年，黃石新港全年完成吞吐量721萬噸，實現(xiàn)營業(yè)收入7366萬元，在內(nèi)河港口數(shù)一數(shù)二，這足以證明我們的港口經(jīng)營管理能力很多港口企業(yè)布局碼頭業(yè)務都是以吸收箱量為目的，而我們卻在為地區(qū)的發(fā)展提供物流支撐

In 2017, Huangshi new port completed a throughput of 7.21 million tons and achieved an operating income of 73.66 million yuan, ranking first and second among inland ports, which is enough to prove our port operation and management ability. Many port enterprises layout their terminal business for the purpose of absorbing container volume, but we are providing logistics support for the development of the region

黃石新港為黃石這座資源枯竭型城市的產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型提供了強有力的物流支撐，被中央電視臺評價為“一座港口拯救一座城市” 《中國航務周刊》：您的介紹，會讓業(yè)界對鹽田港集團的港口運營管理能力有一個全新的認識那么隨著近些年市場情況的變化，鹽田港的港口業(yè)務正在發(fā)生哪些變化

Huangshi new port has provided strong logistics support for the industrial transformation of Huangshi, a resource exhausted city, and has been evaluated by CCTV as "one port saves one city". China Aviation weekly: your introduction will give the industry a new understanding of the port operation and management ability of Yantian Port Group. With the changes of market conditions in recent years, what changes are taking place in the port business of Yantian port

童亞明：一直以來，鹽田港都是以重箱出口為業(yè)務中心，過去鹽田港還有著內(nèi)貿(mào)不做和只在吞吐能力空閑時做中轉(zhuǎn)的兩大業(yè)務特點目前為止，鹽田港尚未做過一箱內(nèi)貿(mào)業(yè)務，這在集裝箱港口中非常少見但是，隨著港航市場的變化，鹽田港的業(yè)務也做出了相應的調(diào)整

Tong Yaming: for a long time, Yantian Port has always focused on the export of heavy containers. In the past, Yantian port also had two business characteristics of not doing domestic trade and only doing transit when the handling capacity is idle. So far, Yantian Port has not done a container domestic trade business, which is very rare in container ports. However, with the changes in the port and shipping market, the business of Yantian Port has also been adjusted accordingly

我們已經(jīng)與和記黃埔共同收購了惠州國際集裝箱碼頭，在那里我們將奮力拓展內(nèi)貿(mào)業(yè)務 近年來，航運聯(lián)盟越來越多，國際航線上的主力船舶也越來越大，18000TEU以上的超大型船舶越來越多，很多船公司選擇共線共艙

We have jointly acquired Huizhou international container terminal with Hutchison Whampoa, where we will strive to expand domestic trade business. In recent years, there have been more and more shipping alliances, and the main ships on international routes have become larger and larger. There are more and more super large ships above 18000teu. Many shipping companies choose to share lines and spaces

這導致船公司普遍會在一個區(qū)域內(nèi)選擇一個樞紐港作為中轉(zhuǎn)集散中心，因此中轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)務變得十分重要 今年前8個月鹽田港區(qū)的中轉(zhuǎn)箱量同比增長超20%至108.5萬TEU，但在總吞吐量占比并不高，約為10%左右，還有一定的發(fā)展空間

As a result, shipping companies generally choose a hub port in a region as the transit distribution center, so the transit business has become very important. In the first eight months of this year, the number of transit containers in Yantian port increased by more than 20% year-on-year to 1.085 million TEU, but the proportion of total throughput is not high, about 10% left and right, and there is still some room for development

毗鄰的香港港作為國際中轉(zhuǎn)樞紐，仍承擔了該區(qū)域大部分的中轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)務《中國航務周刊》：那么就近鄰香港港而言，鹽田港的競爭優(yōu)勢又在哪里如何錯位發(fā)展 童亞明：作為自由港，香港港有著鹽田港所不具備的政策優(yōu)勢 但是，鹽田港的作業(yè)費用相對較低，這一優(yōu)勢尤其在節(jié)假日期間更加凸顯，因為香港在節(jié)假日期間勞動力格外緊缺

As an international transit hub, the adjacent Hong Kong port still undertakes most of the transit business in the region. China Aviation weekly: so as far as the adjacent Hong Kong port is concerned, where is the competitive advantage of Yantian port? How to misplace the development? Tong Yaming: as a free port, Hong Kong Port has a policy advantage that Yantian port does not have. However, the operating cost of Yantian port is relatively low, which is more prominent during holidays, Because Hong Kong is particularly short of labor during holidays

另外，鹽田港后方擁有大片的保稅區(qū)和物流園區(qū)，這也使鹽田港在某種程度上具備了中轉(zhuǎn)、加工、再包裝等自由港功能 目前來看，香港港中轉(zhuǎn)箱量正在逐步減少，而鹽田港正在逐步增加《中國航務周刊》：在“一帶一路”倡議持續(xù)落地的過程中，你們又迎來了粵港澳大灣區(qū)建設的政策機遇

In addition, there are large bonded areas and logistics parks in the rear of Yantian port, which also makes Yantian port have the functions of free port such as transit, processing and repacking to some extent. At present, the transit container volume of Hong Kong port is gradually decreasing, and Yantian port is gradually increasing China Shipping weekly: in the process of the continuous implementation of the "the Belt and Road" initiative, you have ushered in the policy opportunity of the construction of Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Great Bay area

鹽田港集團如何搶抓這一機遇，完成業(yè)務布局 童亞明：我們希望能夠在粵港澳大灣區(qū)的國家戰(zhàn)略部署下，與灣區(qū)內(nèi)的港口企業(yè)充分合作就地理位置而言，鹽田港與香港港更近，我們希望能夠在此前的合作基礎上，實現(xiàn)與香港港的業(yè)務交接，完成產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移

How can Yantian Port Group seize this opportunity and complete its business layout Tong Yaming: we hope to fully cooperate with port enterprises in the bay area under the national strategic deployment of Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Great Bay area. In terms of geographical location, Yantian port is closer to Hong Kong port. We hope to achieve business handover with Hong Kong port and complete industrial transfer on the basis of previous cooperation

例如我前面提到的，在節(jié)假日期間，香港港可以將部分業(yè)務過渡到鹽田港作業(yè) 另外，通過緊跟國家戰(zhàn)略步伐，我們正以深圳鹽田港區(qū)和大鏟灣港區(qū)東西翼為核心，積極在沿帶、沿路、沿江等經(jīng)濟體或區(qū)域布局，全力構建“大海港”體系

For example, as I mentioned earlier, during the holidays, Hong Kong port can transition part of its business to Yantian port. In addition, by keeping up with the pace of national strategy, we are taking the East and West wings of Shenzhen Yantian port area and dachanwan port area as the core, actively planning along the belt, road, river and other economies or regions, and making every effort to build a "big port" system

為此，我們還設立了三大投資平臺 一是以集團本部為平臺，積極布局“一帶一路”沿線以及廣東沿海港口目前已經(jīng)初步達成埃及亞歷山大港項目，并在積極探索馬來西亞皇京港項目等投資機會廣東沿海已布局有惠州荃灣煤炭港、深汕特別合作區(qū)小漠國際物流港等

To this end, we have also set up three investment platforms. First, taking the headquarters of the group as the platform, we have actively deployed the ports along the "the Belt and Road" and the coastal ports of Guangdong. At present, the Alexandria Port Project in Egypt has been preliminarily reached, and we are actively exploring investment opportunities such as the Huangjing port project in Malaysia. Huizhou Tsuen Wan coal port and Xiaomo International Logistics Port in the Shenzhen Shantou Special Cooperation Zone have been deployed along the coastal areas of Guangdong

二是以鹽田港股份為投資平臺積極布局長江經(jīng)濟帶，湖北黃石新港已建成三是以大鏟灣公司為平臺探索延伸布局廣西梧州港、貴港港等西江沿岸港口《中國航務周刊》：您提到灣區(qū)內(nèi)港口的合作，目前，廣東省港口整合已提上議事日程，鹽田港集團將在港口整合中如何站位

Second, Yantian Port shares are used as an investment platform to actively layout the Yangtze River economic belt, and Huangshi new port in Hubei Province has been completed. Third, Dachan Bay Company is used as a platform to explore and extend the layout of Guangxi Wuzhou port, Guigang port and other ports along the West River. China Shipping Weekly: you mentioned the cooperation of ports in the bay area. At present, the port integration of Guangdong Province has been put on the agenda. How will Yantian Port Group stand in the port integration

您認為整合的關鍵是什么 童亞明：實現(xiàn)港口資源整合、發(fā)揮規(guī)模效應正逐漸成為發(fā)展趨勢珠三角地區(qū)港口企業(yè)的股東成分相較于其他地區(qū)更加復雜，廣東省港口資源整合也會是一個非常復雜的協(xié)調(diào)過程鹽田港集團將在省委省政府和深圳市委市政府的指導下，站在建設粵港澳大灣區(qū)的高度，持續(xù)關注全省港口資源整合進度，積極參與

What do you think is the key to integration? Tong Yaming: realizing the integration of port resources and giving full play to the scale effect is gradually becoming a development trend. The shareholder composition of port enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region is more complex than that in other regions. The integration of port resources in Guangdong Province will also be a very complex coordination process. Yantian Port Group will stand at the height of building Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Great Bay District under the guidance of the provincial Party committee and provincial government and the Shenzhen Municipal Party committee and municipal government, Continue to pay attention to the progress of port resource integration in the province and actively participate in it

深圳的港口自改革開發(fā)以來就堅持“政企分開，市場化運作”的模式我認為，港口資源整合并不是要成立一個無所不包、無所不能、壟斷一切的港口集團關鍵是要以控制無序競爭為目的，做好港口的布局，明確每個港口的自身定位與發(fā)展優(yōu)勢，規(guī)劃各自發(fā)展方向，防止過度競爭以及產(chǎn)能過剩

The port of Shenzhen has adhered to the mode of "separation of government and enterprises and market-oriented operation" since the reform and development. I believe that the integration of port resources is not to establish an all inclusive, omnipotent and monopoly port group. The key is to do a good job in the layout of the port for the purpose of controlling disorderly competition, clarify the positioning and development advantages of each port, plan their own development direction, and prevent excessive competition and overcapacity

鹽田港這樣的深水大港，就應該定位為國際集裝箱干線樞紐港《中國航務周刊》：生存不易，拓展更難今年上半年，中美貿(mào)易摩擦已對雙邊貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生影響，對鹽田港集團造成了怎樣的影響鹽田港集團將如何面對這一挑戰(zhàn) 童亞明：深圳是中國進出口總值最大的內(nèi)地城市之一，且深圳港三分之二的對美出口量是由鹽田港完成的

Yantian port, a large deep-water port, should be positioned as a hub port for international container trunk lines. China Shipping weekly: survival is not easy, and expansion is more difficult. In the first half of this year, Sino US trade friction has had an impact on bilateral trade. What impact has it had on Yantian Port group? How will Yantian Port Group face this challenge? Tong Yaming: Shenzhen is one of the mainland cities with the largest import and export value in China, And two thirds of the export volume of Shenzhen port to the United States is completed by Yantian port

中美之間的貿(mào)易摩擦事態(tài)還在發(fā)展中，很難預判它對我們的影響究竟有多大不過，目前中國整體的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進口已受到了較大的影響在這種情況下，鹽田港集團與農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部推出了中東歐16+1農(nóng)產(chǎn)品（電商）物流中心與展示館，此舉將大力促進中東歐農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的進口，以降低貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)的影響

The trade friction between China and the United States is still developing, and it is difficult to predict how much it will affect us. However, at present, China's overall agricultural imports have been greatly affected. In this case, Yantian Port Group and the Ministry of agriculture and Rural Affairs launched a 16+1 agricultural products (e-commerce) logistics center and exhibition hall in central and Eastern Europe, which will vigorously promote the import of agricultural products from central and Eastern Europe to reduce the impact of the trade war

同時，為應對中美貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)，鹽田港區(qū)及大鏟灣港區(qū)將從三個領域著手加以應對一是繼續(xù)完善港區(qū)配套設施，積極拓展內(nèi)外貿(mào)航線，將腹地范圍延伸至周邊省市，全力提升業(yè)務量；二是提升碼頭服務質(zhì)量，以高標準的服務穩(wěn)固現(xiàn)有客戶；三是充分發(fā)揮港區(qū)后方的物流中心、國家館以及汽車、糧食、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、鋼材等商貿(mào)項目資源優(yōu)勢，加強對碼頭業(yè)務支持

At the same time, in order to cope with the Sino US trade war, Yantian port area and dachanwan port area will respond from three areas: first, continue to improve the supporting facilities of the port area, actively expand domestic and foreign trade routes, extend the hinterland to surrounding provinces and cities, and strive to improve business volume; Second, improve the service quality of the wharf and stabilize existing customers with high standard services; Third, give full play to the resource advantages of logistics centers, national pavilions, automobile, grain, agricultural products, steel and other trade projects in the rear of the port area, and strengthen the support for Wharf business

相信鹽田港有能力應對這次挑戰(zhàn)，鹽田港集團未來的發(fā)展也會越來越好

We believe that Yantian Port has the ability to cope with this challenge, and the future development of Yantian Port Group will be better and better